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Dimension Changes the Scale-Signal Channel in Nearest-Neighbor Two-Sample Testing
arXiv stat.TH0 views
arXiv:2610.41271v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Nearest-neighbor two-sample tests are often analyzed with dimension fixed. We study the power of the generalized edge-count test on a directed 1-nearest-neighbor graph. This statistic combines a weighted sum and a difference of the two within-sample edge counts. For balanced isotropic Gaussian samples with $d/\log N\to\gamma>0$, we derive the connection probabilities under local location and scale alternatives. Under location alternatives, the two counts have equal mean shifts, which cancel in their difference. Under scale alternatives, the two counts instead have mean shifts of opposite signs. We also derive the growth rate of the null expectation $\mathbb{E}_0C_3$, where $C_3$ counts pairs of directed edges sharing exactly one vertex. On an explicit range of $\gamma$, we establish local-power limits strictly above the test level for scale alternatives in the difference component at the scale $|\varepsilon_N|\asymp (\mathbb{E}_0C_3)^{1/2}/(Nd)$. Here $\mathbb{E}_0C_3$ gives the variance order of the difference count under these local alternatives. At this scale, the standardized drift of the weighted sum vanishes. When $d=1$, the weighted component instead detects local Gaussian scale alternatives while the difference component has no limiting drift. Thus dimension changes both the magnitude of a detectable scale difference and the component of the test that detects it.
Source:https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41271PreviousDiscrete total variation under the multinomial, Part 3: expectation under a general distributionNextSimultaneous inference for additive regression
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