arXiv:2611.05977v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this paper, we propose a class of efficient, linear and decoupled adaptive variable time step schemes for the anisotropic phase field dendritic crystal growth model. The main difficulty is twofold: the gradient dependent anisotropic coefficient and the strongly nonlinear terms make unconditional energy stability difficult to achieve, and on nonuniform meshes the discrete energy dissipation law, which is straightforward to establish on uniform meshes, has to be reestablished under varying step sizes. To overcome these difficulties, two linear stabilizers and a time dependent auxiliary variable with relaxation are introduced and incorporated into a second-order generalized BDF-type operator, with the spatial derivatives discretized by the Fourier spectral method. The proposed schemes are energy stable for arbitrary positive adjacent step ratios, so that no restriction on the step ratio is imposed, and only two linear equations together with a few algebraic equations, which are solved independently in Fourier space, need to be solved at each time step. Moreover, the schemes are naturally compatible with energy based time adaptive strategies. The associated adaptive strategy reduces the number of time steps by $24.6\%$--$86.6\%$ in comparison with uniform time stepping, and numerical experiments on fourfold and sixfold dendritic growth in two dimensions and on three-dimensional growth confirm the accuracy, efficiency and stability of the proposed schemes.