arXiv:2609.17655v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In an important recent work, Blanc (2026) gave an algorithm for robustly learning Boolean concept classes with respect to a fixed distribution that outputs a (randomized) classifier achieving the optimal error of $\eta + \varepsilon$ where $\eta$ is the noise rate. In contrast, it is well known that deterministic hypotheses cannot achieve error less than $2\eta + \varepsilon$. Blanc's algorithm is computationally inefficient, and the main problem left open in his work is to find a polynomial-time algorithm given access to an oracle for empirical risk minimization (ERM). Here we resolve this problem and give such an algorithm. Additionally, we give an efficient algorithm (no ERM oracle required) for robustly learning any function class that admits low-degree polynomial approximators with respect to hypercontractive distributions. This captures basic settings including halfspaces with respect to Gaussian marginals. Our techniques make new connections to various types of online convex optimization algorithms. As a surprising consequence, we show that efficient SQ learnability in the agnostic setting implies efficient learning with contamination (with respect to Gaussians or uniform over the hypercube).